US Dollar Hits Fresh Record Low, Will Friday's US Data Trigger A Turn?

>> Forex Daily Analysis | Written by DailyFX | Sep 13, 07 20:49 GMT |

• US Dollar Hits Fresh Record Low, Will Friday’s US Data Trigger A Turn?
• Euro Continues to Trade Near Record of 1.3927; SNB Hikes Despite ECB’s Pause

US Dollar Hits Fresh Record Low, Will Friday’s US Data Trigger A Turn?
With the US Dollar establishing new record lows against the Euro for the second day in a row, many traders have been left wondering how much lower the greenback can possibly fall. Given the ramped up speculation regarding the possibilities of a rate cut by the Federal Reserve next Tuesday, targets of 1.40 do not seem out of reach. Nevertheless, with the release of US retail sales anticipated to improve on Friday, the greenback could see a substantial boost. Figures from many retailers for the month of August have already highlighted steady sales during the back-to-school season, despite deteriorating labor markets and a housing recession. However, many retailers have also reported that the sales gains were the result of massive discounting, which cannot go on forever given the practice’s negative impact on profit margins. Regardless, forex traders will likely respond in a somewhat short-sighted manner and take EURUSD for a tumble, especially if retail sales are better-than-expected and act to quell speculation of a rate cut by the Fed.

Euro Continues to Trade Near Record of 1.3927; SNB Hikes Despite ECB’s Pause
The strength of the Euro prevailed during the early NY trading session today, as the currency reached a record high of 1.3927 against the US Dollar, a 14-month high against the British Pound, and a one month high against the Japanese Yen. Commentary from ECB Governing Council Member Yves Mersch helped propel the currency higher, as the policy maker said that the ECB “may resume tightening” depending on the analysis of new data, which leaves the door wide open for a hike to 4.25 percent before year end. This hawkish bias is especially pertinent as it comes on the tails of recent commentary from ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet, who continues to call monetary policy “accommodative.” The ECB isn’t the only central bank in Europe that continues to consider higher interest rates an option, even in the face of volatility in the financial markets. In fact, the Swiss National Bank raised their 3-month Libor target rate to 2.75 percent this morning, marking the bank’s eighth consecutive quarterly hike. While the SNB’s growth outlook remains optimistic at 2.5 percent for 2007, “greater than usual” uncertainties and an anticipated slowdown in momentum for 2008 signals that the central bank’s rate normalization cycle may come to an end – or at least pause – during Q4.

With The Return of Risk Appetite, Japanese Yen Loses On The Session
It seems that a stronger yen may be dulling the investment appetite of Japanese funds, as per the Ministry of Finance’s report last night. According to the survey, net foreign stock holdings by Japanese funds declined by 43.89 billion, as fixed income investments dipped 95.9 billion yen during the week of September 7th. With the underlying currency appreciating as much as 6 percent against higher yielding currencies like the US dollar, investors are beginning to see weakness in the their foreign holdings purporting a return to cash. However, the extreme report reading has also given investors reason to boost their risk appetite once again in the session, helping yen crosses to push higher in the day. Incidentally, the currently positive rally will remain dependant on tomorrow’s assessment of the world’s second largest economy and its industrial productivity. Although policy makers have cited strong manufacturing sector activity and underlying growth, market participants will look to confirm the notion. Unfortunately, for yen bulls, the figure is expected to remain widely consistent with the month’s preliminary reading, with a decline likely to boost yen weakness.

RBNZ Offers No Surprises, Leaves Rates Unchanged
Alongside the decisions of other central bankers including the Reserve Bank of Australia and the Bank of England, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand kept interest rates unchanged at a record high 8.25 percent last night. Citing that a falling currency and rising commodity prices will continue to support higher inflationary pressures, Governor Bollard’s decision stands amidst an evaluation of the extent of the recent US subprime debacle. Noting that there is a “bit of inflation pressure in the system”, Bollard in statement today noted that central bankers “continue to expect a significant boost to the economy over the next two years.” The increase in growth will support a “sharp rise in world prices”, boosting the likelihood of another round of tightening. However, the notion temporarily fell into questionable territory following the lackluster retail sales data in the month of July. Usually a supportive release for Kiwi enthusiasts, the report showed that consumer spending in its rawest form actually pulled back in the monthly assessment. Printing unchanged for the month, the ex-auto figure declined by 0.2 percent. The release was pessimistic for the economy considering the 0.3 percent advance expected by the investment public. Nonetheless, with the NZDUSD higher, speculators will turn their focus to tonight’s supplementary releases for the week. The manufacturing activity report may helpl boost the notion of further growth (ie rate hikes) with expansionary suggestions.

With No Economic Data, Expectations Of Next Week Emerge
Pulling back mildly against the US dollar in the overnight, the British pound rocketed higher during the session as traders look ahead to next week’s round of pertinent releases. The GBPUSD was able to break above the 2.0300 psychological level, from a session bottom of 2.0233. Granted, the overwhelming boost was slightly on the result of GBPJPY cross action, as the pair jumped over 200 basis points on the day. However, with the cornucopia of reports slated for next week, the market could not dismiss the fact that bidders were out and about in hopes of gaining from supported carry expectations. As a result, momentum looks to continue throughout tomorrow’s session until the weekend close with both consumer prices and the central bank minutes on the mind of the market.

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FOREX : Foreign Exchange Market

FOREX is a word play on the term Foreign Exchange Market. It is a market for buying and selling of currencies from all over the world. Certainly, such transactions are bound to be voluminous. It is just an estimate that there are about transactions of $1.5 trillion USD on a daily basis in the FOREX. Now just compare this with the paltry $300 billion USD a day transactions for the US Treasury Bond and the $100 billion a day transactions for the US Stock Exchange.

The FOREX came into existence in 1971 when the fixed currency exchanges were abolished. Currencies no longer had fixed values after that; on the contrary, their rates (mostly taken in comparison with the USD) were fluctuating, and changed on a daily basis. Throughout the seventies and the eighties the FOREX grew steadily, showing more advancement in the later years. The market has stupendously grown from $70 billion USD a day to the staggering amount that it transacts today on a daily basis.

There are actually about five thousand trading institutions in the FOREX. These include international banks, central government banks such as the US Federal Reserve, and commercial companies and brokers for all types of foreign currency exchange. The best thing that shows the unbiased nature of the FOREX market is that it has no fixed headquarters anywhere – it operates primarily from all major cities like New York, Tokyo, London, Hong Kong, Singapore, Paris, Frankfurt, etc. One can even use the telephone or the internet to make the transactions. The major businesses at the FOREX are the buying and selling of products in other countries. Several transactions are also conducted from the currency brokers or traders who stand to make small profits with the daily fluctuations in the market.

Most of the FOREX business is centered on big banks and financial institutions, but it doesn’t mean that the FOREX is inaccessible to small investors. The recent changes in the financial regulations have effectuated this accessibility. Earlier, a minimum transaction size was required to conduct business with the FOREX. But the current rules have made it possible to break large inter-bank units into smaller bits. Each bit is worth as less as $100,000. This makes it possible to each individual investor through loans that are extended for trading, known as leverage. The ratio to control the lots is 100:1. This means, every $1000 USD will allow one to control $100,000 on the FOREX.

The benefits of trading with the FOREX are mentioned below:-

(1) Liquidity of Investments – As the FOREX is a huge market, the funds have a very high degree of liquidity. This is because of the presence of the international banks who provide their bids and carry out a large number of transactions on a daily basis. Therefore, there is always a buyer or seller for any type of currency.

(2) Highest Degree of Accessibility – The FOREX is open 24 hours a day for 5 days a week. Every Monday morning the exchange opens at Australian Standard Time and closes on Friday afternoon at New York time. Greater accessibility is provided because the transactions can be conducted from the person’s home or office.

(3) Open Market – At the FOREX, there are no secrets. All the fluctuations that occur in the market are made accessible to everyone at the same time. There is no insider trading in the FOREX.

(4) No Commission – There is no hassle of paying commission to the brokers in the FOREX. Here the brokers earn by setting up a difference between the buying price and the selling price of a currency, which is known as a spread.

It must be understood by now that for the FOREX to work effectively, the currencies must always be traded in pairs. For instance, the Japanese yen must be traded against the euro. When one kind of currency is sold, there should be another to be bought in its stead.

The profit happens because there is always mobility between the different currencies. Even if there is a miniscule change in the exchange rate, then it could mean substantial changes in the profits due to the large amount of money involved in the transactions. People are thronging to the FOREX and not any other institution due to the trust that they have in it. To add to the advantage, the market is absolutely well-advanced and uses sophisticated software for dealing out its transactions.

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